环境准备

install axios

cnpm install axios --save

<script>
import axios from 'axios';
export default {
    data() {
        return {
            ...
        }
    },
    methods:{
        ...
    }
}
</script>

前端代码

执行的方法

downLoadMix() {  
  let params = {};
  let url = this.$store.state.urlPrefix+"/company/download";
  let title = null;
    axios({  
    method: 'post', 
    url,  
    headers: {  
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'  
    },  
    data: params,  
    responseType: 'arraybuffer'  
    }).then(res => {  
        let headers = res.headers;  //后端需要配置Access-Control-Expose-Headers,否则浏览器只能访问到默认的响应头,具体如下
        let blob = new Blob([res.data], {  
          type: headers['content-type']  
        });  
        let link = document.createElement('a');  
        link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);  
        if (!title) {  
          const fileName = headers['content-disposition'];  
          title = fileName.includes('filename=') ? fileName.split('=')[1] : '下载的表单文件';  
        }  
        link.download = title;  
        link.click();  
    });  
}

后端代码(解决axios获取Http响应头)

浏览器默认只能访问以下响应头

Cache-Control
Content-Language
Content-Type
Expires
Last-Modified
Pragma

因此如果想让浏览器能访问到其他响应头内容的话，比如Content-disposition,需要在服务器上设置 Access-Control-Expose-Headers

1	response.setHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers","Content-disposition");

或者完全放开

1	response.setHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers","*");

即可允许浏览器访问任意一个响应头，当然除次之外还要设置下载文件相关的响应头

1 2	response.setContentType("application/octet-stream"); response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=createList.xls");//默认Excel名称

后端i/o流照常处理，例子如下：

@RequestMapping(value = "/download", method = {RequestMethod.POST}, produces = {"application/json;charset=UTF-8"})
public void download(@RequestBody RequestFacade request, HttpServletResponse response) {
    try{
        //创建工作簿
        XSSFWorkbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook();
        //创建一个sheet
        XSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet();

        // 创建单元格样式
        XSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
        style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.WHITE.index);

        ......

        response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
        response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=createList.xls");//默认Excel名称
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers","*");
        response.flushBuffer();
        wb.write(response.getOutputStream());
    }catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}